Oil burner



Oct. 23, 1928.

1,688,509 c. R. SMITH OIL BURNER Filed Feb. 5, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 c-M @XMIM Oct. 23, 1928.

C. R. SMITH OIL BURNER Filed Feb. 5, 192? /A/E/VfQf 9 3 m, n oo .m .w Ql .Mw m f K uw 7 mgm WM5. swb. \K Rum 5 com m Oct. 23, 1928.

PATENT orFicE.

CHARLES B. BIITH, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

OIL BURNER.

applic-mon ma rebmuy, 1927. semi no. 166,141.

This invention relates to improvements in oil burners and its chiefobject is to rovide an oil burner designed for use in eating plants forhomes, apartments and other buildings although it is susceptible of avariety of other uses.

A further object is to provide an oil burner wherein dry steam is usedto superheat the oil previous to combustion of the same, this steam thenbeing mixed with the oil stream at its point of combustion.

A further object is to provide an oil burner of this type wherein meansare provided .for generating the steam used. A further ob]ect is toprovide a burner that does not form carbon. l

A still further object is to provide an oil burner that is dependableand etlicient in use, safe in operation and that will burn ordinary fuelyoil as well as any or all of the refined or lighter oils in athoroughly satisfactory and economical manner and with the maximumproduction of heat.

With the foregoing and other objects in view the invention consists inthe combination and arrangement of parts to be hereinafter fullydescribed, pointedout in the appended claims and illustrated in theaccompanying drawings which form a part of this application and inwhich- Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a hot water boiler illustrating theapplication of the oil bui'ner.

Fig. 2 is a View in front elevation of the fuel supply and controlmechanism.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional View taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the fuel deliverynozzle.

Fig. 5 is a cross section, enlarged, on line 5 5 of Fig. 7.

Fig.` 6 is an enlarged sectional view of a type of control valveemployed.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of the generator and the fuelsupply mechanism.

Like reference characters denote corresponding parts throughout theseveral views.

The present burner comprises a steam generator wherein water underpressure, as water supplied by the water mains of any large city, isadmitted and turned into steam by the application of heat direct to thegenerator either by means of a gas pilot light or by the combustion ofthe fuel after the burner is in operation, and the steam so formed isused to preheat the oil stream just previous' to its combustion, the drysteam after preheating tlieoil being directed, under considerablepressure, into the oil stream and mixed therewith during combustion.Means are provided for automatically controllin the amount of dry steamto be mixed with t e oil stream, or vapor, and for automaticallycontrolling the supply of water to the generator.

The reference numeral 1 denotes a. hot water boiler provided with theusual door 2 and grate 3. A standard 4 is supported in a floor casting 5as a support for an. oil supply pipe 6, a water pipe 7 and a. gas pipe 8each of which pipes leads to a supply source and is provided with a handcontrol valve 9. The gas pipe 8 is connected by union 10 with a flexiblegas pipe 11 that is connected, by means of a union 12 provided with ahand valve 13, to tlie gas service pipe comprising the sections 14, 15which are connected by the union 16 provided with a valve 17, the aspipe section 15 being supported by the brac et 18 carried by the door 2,and a as pilot pipe 19 communicating with the said pipe section 15 tosupply the forked gas pilot 20, the prongs of which are disposed uponopposite sides of the generator casing 21.

' The water pipe 7 is connected by union 22, provided with a cut-odvalve, with a flexible water pipe 23 that is connected, by means of aunion 24, provided with a hand valve 24, to a water delivery pipecomprising the three sections 25, 26, 27, the sections 25, 26 beingconnected by thel T-union 28 which communicates with and connects saidpipe sections to the water diaphragm 29 tlie'flexible membrane 30 ofwhich is adapted to actuate a" plunger 31 disposed immediately beneathsaid membrane, the lower end of said plun er being slidabl disposed inthe lower tubu ar end of the iaphragm casing wherein the longitudinalslot 32 is formed through which, and through the plunger, a. rod 33extends that is carried by said plun er, the ends of said rod beingconnected to t e levers 34, 35, each of which is fulcrumed upon a pin 36carried by Va bracket 37 through which the stem of a valve 17 extendsfor operative engagement with the free end of a 'lever 34 or 35, onebracket 37 bein secured to one union 16 and a similar bracet beinglikewise secured to the union 38. The levers 34, 35 are identical intheir construction, operation and function and the illustration in Fig.6 is deemed sufficient as one assembly is here illustrated.

The said union 38 connects pipe sections 39, 40, the latter sectionbeing connected by the valved union 41 to a pipesection 42 which isconnected by means of a valved union 43, provided with a hand valve 44,to the flexible oil pipe 45 that is connected by a union 46, providedwith a cut-oil or safety valve, with the oil pipe 6. Referring again tothe pipe section 39 the same is connected to an oil pipe 47 that isconnected by the interiorly threaded couplin 48 to the exteriorlythreaded tubular link 49 that is adj ustably connected to the linkcoupling 50 and movable inwardl or outwardly relative thereto, saidtubular link 49 having secured thereto by screws 49a the control lever51.

The link coupling 50 is carried by the exteriorly threaded tubularextension 52 of the dry steam chamber 53, dome shaped and formed withthe elongated tubular nozzle portion 54 in the plane of the tubulareXtension 52 and having its free end tapered or beveled to `form a`discharge opening 55. EX- tending through the nozzle portion 54,chamber 53 and extension 52 and of considerably smaller diameter thanany of\these members' .pipe being adapted for movement longitudinally ofsaid nozzle, dome 53 and extension 52 upon oscillation of the saidleverl 51 so that its tapered end serves to regulate the discharge ofsteam or water through said discharge opening by closing to a greater orlesser degree the said opening. The free ends of members 54, 56 are sotapered relatively that the space therebetween may be completely-closedwhen desired. A collar bushing 58 is interposed between and carried bysaid oil pipe and nozzle adjacent their tapered ends and serves toy fillthe space between said members at this point, and to center said oilpipe in said nozzle, said collar being formed with a plurality of spacedlongitudinally eX- tending perforations 59 to at all times permit thepassage therethrough of a certain amount of steam or a very limitedamount of water.

Referring again to the dry steam chamber 53 the same is disposed uponand secured to a 'moist steam chamber 60 provided with a blow off valve61 and with a drain cock 62, said dry and moist steam chambers beingmade intercoinmunicating through the medium of the tubular connection63, said steam chamber 60 having secured thereto and communicatingtherewith the open -end 'the pilot lit.

of the generator shell 21 within which is the insert shell 65 which isspaced away from the said shell 21, the inner open end of said insertshell being spaced away from the closed end 66 of the shell 21, theouter end of said insert shell extending slightly beyond the open end ofsaid shell 21 and bei-ng perforated to receive the water pipe 27 thatextends the entire length of said shell 65, said insert shell beingspaced away therefrom and from the shell 21 by means of the spacerrivets 67.

Referring again to the control lever 51 the same is connected at one endby a link 68 to the rod 69 that opens, closes and controls the checkvalve 70 that regulates the flow of oil through the union 41, said lever51 at its opposite end being connected by the chain 71 and cable 72 tothe motor box 73 of the room thermostat (not shown). A counterbalanceweight 74 is also carried by the lever 51 at' the same end as thatengaged by the chain 71 and a take-up chain 75 also connects said lever51 and a collar 76 arranged upon the pipe link 15 and any one of thelinks of said chain 75 may be engaged by the hooked end of the collar 76so that the extreme distance possible between the lever 51 and saidcollar may be regulated thereby. In this manner the arc of oscillationof the lever 51 may be limited as desired thus enabling one to so setthe said lever as to cause it to control the valve 70 with precision. Awater-temperature thermometer 77 and a manometer 78 `are operativelyconnected to the pipe 25.

In operation it will first be assumed that the device is to be startedfor the first time, either at the beginning of the heating season orafter first installation. At the time of this starting or previousthereto the room thermostat indicator is positioned at a low temperaturepoint, such as 50 degrees Fahrenheit. The control lever 51 actuated bythe weight 74 has closed the space between the tapered ends of themembers 54 and 56. The water valve 24a is now opened full thuspermitting water from the source to flow through pipes 7, 23, throughthe open valve in the union 24, throughpipe section 25 and union 28 intothe diaphragm 29, through pipe sect-ions 26, 27 into the Generatorshells 21, 65, into the moist steam chamber 60, dry steam chamber 53 andnozzle 54 but escape of water from the discharge end of said nozzle orthrough the tubular extension 52 beyond the collar 57 is now impossible.f

The gas valve 13 is now opened in full and The gas flame playing aboutthe generator shell 21 will generate steam therein and this steam: willpass from the generator into the chamber 60 and then into the chamber 53and force back the water therefrom. When the thermometer 77 showsapproximately 220 degrees Fahrenheit or the manometer showsapproximately 20 pounds pres- 1,ess,soe

stallation. The room thermostat is now set at the room temperaturedesired, as 70 degrees Fahrenheit, the gas valve 13 partly shut off ordisposed in running position which is determined and denoted ina mannersimilar to that described with relation to the oil valve and the burneris in operation and is set for the season. When the room temperaturerises above'70 degrees,\or any other set temperature, the thermostatwill, in a well known manner, permit the control lever 51 with itsweight'74 to shut off the oil supply at the Valve 70, and to close thespace between the discharge ends of the oil pipe 56 and nozzle 54. Whenthe roomtemperature drops below 7 0 the mechanism will e started upagain.

When the control lever turns 0n the oil in full it also causes amovement of the oil pipe 56 relative to the nozzle 54 so tha-t theirtapered ends are spaced apart and the steam from the generator passingthrough the chambers 60, 53 will pass through the nozzle 54, through theperforations 59 in the collar 58 and out into the oil stream from thepipe 56. This oil has been preheated by the hot steam in the chamber 53encircling the pipe 56 and in such state it is highlycombustible. Thesteam passing with great force from the nozzle discharge port causes apartial vac.- uum at this point which sucks the oil from the pipe 56which suction is qute'suflicient to draw the oil from 'a supply tank atany desired position. .The oil and steam come together about the gasllame and the oil is broken up and this gaseous fuel burns wit-h anintense heat, neverless thin 900 degrees Fahrenheit, about the generatorouter shell providingY heat for generating steam from the waterconstantly supplied to that member.

Combustion of the fuel begins at a point slightly in advance of thetapered end of the nozzle 54 and it will be noted that this member is solocated and disposed relative to the generator shell and pilot that theburning fuel envelops the generator. When the burner is shut down forthe night or betweenl periods of operation the pilot will keep up steamwhich steam will always have the oil in the pipe 56 preheated and readyat the instant the thermostat sets the mechanism in operation again.Should the pilot light go out or be put out for any reason and thethermostat be in position to cause operation of the burner the steamgenerated previous to the extinguishing of the pilot will soon be usedup and the water will then pass from the abate and gas and oil be cutofi'.

enerator .into the chambers 60 and 53and t en into the nozzle 54 fromthe discharge port o fwhich the water will trickle, mixed,

withoil from the pipe 56, down upon the generator casing and oit intoVthe overliow pan 7 9 located uponthe grate 3 and from said pan it willpass through the pipe 8O into the Ytrip bucket 81 suspended by the chain82 which is operatively connected to the emerf gency or cut-off valves22, 46 which will cut off the supply of water and oil. The escape of gasfrom the pilot will not be enough to become a menace because the waterpressure in-the diaphragm has ceased and the rod 3 3 will cause the rods34, 35 to abate ressure against the stems of the valves 17 t ius perumitting the valve springs 17*i to close the valves, cutting off the gas.The oil valve in union 38 will be closed in like manner. If

the water is cut off while the ilot vis burning the Water pressure inthe iaphragm will 1. In an oil burner, a heated steam generator, meansfor supplying water under pressure to said generator, a moist steamcha-mber communicating with said generator, a dry steam chambercommunicating with said moist steam chamber, a nozzle for said dry steamchamber, an oil pipe disposed longitudinally and adj ustably of saidnozzle and dry steam chamber, the discharge terminals of said nozzle andoil pipe being capable of contact one with the other, a collar bushingconnecting said nozzle and oil pipe, and thermostatic control mechanismfor eiecting the adjustment of said oil pipe and for regulating thesupply of-oil to said oil pipe.

2. In an oil burner, a heated steam generator, means for supplying waterunder pressimultaneously with said pipe adjustment.

3. In an oil burner, a gas heated steam generator, water supply meansfor said generator, superposed steam chambersl communieating with eachother and with said generator, a nozzle communicating with one of saidsteam chambers and having its discharge port located above andcontiguous to said steam enerator, an oil supply pipe disposed with- 1nand adjustable longitudinally of and spaced from the last named steamchamber and the said nozzle, the discharge VVports of pipe.

said nozzle and oil pipe being capable of con-- tact one with the otherby adjustment of said oil pipe, and thermostatic control mechanism forcl'lecting the said oil pipe adjustments and for regulating the supplyof oil to said l. In an oil burner, a gas heated steam generator, watersupply means for said generatol',` superposcd steam chamberscommunicating with each other and with said generator, a nozzlecommunicating with one of said steam chambers and having its dischargeport located immediately above said steam generator, an oil supply pipedisposed within and adjustable longitudinally of and spaced from thelast named steam chamber and the said nozzle, the discharge ports ofsaid nozzle and oil pipe being capable of separable Contact one with theother by `adjustment of said oil pipe, a perforate ring interposedbetween the said nozzle and oil pipe and fixed to the later, adjacentthe,discharge terminals thereof, and

lthermostatic control mechanism for effecting the said oil pipeadjustments and for regulating the supply of oil to said pipecorrespondingly. y

5. In an oil burner, al steam generator, superposed steam chamberscommunicating with cach other and with said generator, a nozzlecommunicating with one of said chambers and disposed immediately abovevand inclined toward said steam generator, a pilot for said generator,an oil supply pipe extending longitudinally of and adjustable Withrelation to said nozzle and one of said steam chambers, the dischargeports of said oil pipe and nozzle being capable of separable contact onewith the other as said oil pipe is adjusted, and thcrmostatie control-mechanism for eifecting the said oil pipe adjustments and forregulating the supply, of oil to said pipe to correspond to said pipeadjustments.

G. In an oil burner, a steam generator, a water supply line therefor, a.water pressure diaphragm 1n said line, intercommunicatinfr steamcliambers communicating with said generator, a. pilot light for saidgenerator,

zle adjacent the discharge ports of said members, a valved oil supplyline communicating with said oil pipe, a valved gas line communieatingwith said pilot, valve control mechanism connecting said diaphragm amdthe valves in said gas and oil lines, and thermostatic control mechanismfor effecting the said oil pipe adjustments and for .regulating thesupply of oil to said oil pipe to correspond to said pipe adjustments.

7. In' an oil burner, a steam generator, a water supply line therefor, awater ressure diaphragm in said line, superpose intercommunicating steamchambers communicating with said generator, a pilot for said generator,a. gas line for said pilot, means connecting said water diaphragm andgas line whereby the flow of gas therethrough is regulated by saiddiaphragm, a nozzle 1ntegral with one of said steam chambers andcommunicating therewith, an oil pipe within said nozzle and spaced fromthe wall thereof and adjustable with relation thereto, the disl char eports of said nozzle and oil pipe being capa le of separable contact onewith the other, a perforate collar bushing connecting said oil pipe andnozzle adjacent their discharge ends, an oil supply line for said oilpipe, connection between said water diaphragm and oil line whereby theflow of oil therethrough is controlled by said diaphragm, andthermostatic control mechanism for effecting the adjustment of said oilpipe and for regulating the flow of oil through said oil line tocorrespond to said adjustment.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto aiiixedmy signature.

' CHAS. R. SMITH.

